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SCHOOLS OF ISLAMIC LAW
1. The Hanafi School:
This school is regarded as the most prominent amoung the four schools of sunni Law. It is named after its founder Imam Abu Hanifa (699-767 A.Dm AH 80-150) the pupil of Imam jafar-al-Sadik, who is the founder of the Shia School (Ithna Ashari or Imamia) and the sixth Imam of the Shias. he was also taught by Abu Abdullah-ibn-ul-Mubarak and Hamid bin Sulaiman, the eminent jurists of the time. Imam Abu Hanifa was offered the office of Chief Kazi but he declined the offer and so he was put under imprisonment. Imam Abu Hanifa was endowed with an analytical mind and powers of reasoning which made him capable to establish a separate school. He earned the titles of "upholder of Private Judgement" and the Great Imam.
At that time when he established his school the jursts were divided into two groups the jurists of Hejaz and the Jurists of Iraq, he laid down his wen school known as the Hanafi School or the Kufa School. The followers of this School are known as the Hanafis.
There is also a small collection of traditions based on his autyhority Masnad-ul-Imam al-Azam.
Iraq was the home of this School. The doctrines of this School spread not only in Iraq but also in Afghanistan, Syria, Turkey, Coastal Arabia, South Arabia, East Africa, Lower Egypt, Central Asia and Aouth East Asia. Today, Muslims residing in Lebanon, the soviet republics, China, Pakinstan and India belong to the Hanafi School.
2. The Maliki School:
This School is named after its founder Imam Malin-ibn-Anas (713-795 A.D. / AH 95-170) who was born in Medina. At the age of seventeen he began his career as a lecturer on the traditioin and passed his life in expounding the traditions. That is why he is regarded as the greatest exponent of traditiions and one of the most brilliant and greatest authorities on the Sunnah. He was also a jurist. The School propounded by him is known as the Maliki School or the Medina School and the followers of this School are kknown as Malikis.
Mota-Imam-Malik a well known bool of Imam Malik, containing about three hundred traditions, systematized the law.
The principles of this School spread not only in Medina, but also in North Africa, Central and West Africa, Egypt, Spain, Moracco and the Eastern Arbian coast.
3. The Shafi School:
The Shafi School, name after its founder Imam Muhammad bin Idris Al-Shafi (767-820 A.D / AH 150-204), is the third school of Sunni law. Imam Shafi was born in Palestine. He was a pupil of Imam Malik-Bin-Anas. He attended lecvtures of Imam Muhammad, the disciple of Imam Abu Hanifa. The School laid down by Imam Shafi is known as shafi School and the followers are knwon as Shafis.
Kitab-ul-Umm is the famous book of Imam Shafi. The doctrines of this School spread to lower Egypt, EAst Africa, Southern Arabia, Iraq, Persia, Hejaz, Indonesia, Malaysia, Coast. The Kokins of Bomby, the Moplahs of Malabar the Moors of Ceylon and the Arabs of Java belong to this School.
4. The Hanbli School:
This School named after its founder Imam Abu Abdullah Ahmad-ibn-e-Hanbal (780-855 A.D / AH 164-241), is the fourth School of sunni Law Imam Hanbal was born in Baghdad. He wes the pupil of Imam Shfi. He was the pupil of Imam Shafi. He was a lawyer, but he appeared to have been more learned in the traditions than as a lawyer. the School propounded by Imam Hanbal is known as Hanbalis.
Musnad-ul-Imam Ahmad containing fifty thousands traditions, is his famous teatise. The teachings of this School spread to Persia, Syria, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Baghdad, Qatar and Dmascus. But now, it is recognised only in Saudi Arabia and Qatar, only a few Hanbalis can be found in Hejaz, Persian Gulf and India.